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(Values derived primarily from survey of ServiTech feed analysis history, but data from other sources may also be included.1)
ΒΆ Table 1a. Feedstuffs CompositionβWhole Grains: Cereals |
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| ANALYTICAL RESULT | Barley Grain | Barley High Moisture | Buckwheat Grain | Corn Grain | Corn High Moisture | Corn Whole Ear | ||||||||||||||||||
| M/XΜ | Typical Range | M/XΜ | Typical Range | M/XΜ | Typical Range | M/XΜ | Typical Range | M/XΜ | Typical Range | M/XΜ | Typical Range | |||||||||||||
| PROPERTIES | -------------------- 100% dry matter basis -------------------- | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Dry Matter, % | 88.9 | 87.3 | β | 90.1 | 92.8 | 92.2 | β | 93.4 | 88.0 | 86.6 | β | 89.4 | 85.7 | 84.8 | β | 86.5 | 70.2 | 67.6 | β | 73.0 | 68.8 | 57.2 | β | 83.3 |
| Moisture, % | 11.1 | 9.9 | β | 12.7 | 7.2 | 6.6 | β | 7.8 | 12.0 | 10.7 | β | 13.4 | 14.3 | 13.5 | β | 15.2 | 29.8 | 27.0 | β | 32.4 | 31.3 | 16.7 | β | 42.8 |
| Ash, % | 2.7 | 2.5 | β | 3.1 | 3.3 | 2.4 | β | 4.3 | 2.0 | 1.8 | β | 2.3 | 1.4 | 1.3 | β | 1.4 | 1.6 | 1.4 | β | 1.8 | 1.7 | 1.3 | β | 2.1 |
| PROTEIN | -------------------- 100% dry matter basis -------------------- | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Crude Protein, % CP | 12.2 | 11.2 | β | 13.1 | 18.2 | 17.0 | β | 19.9 | 12.0 | 11.0 | β | 13.0 | 8.7 | 8.3 | β | 9.1 | 8.8 | 8.4 | β | 9.2 | 8.1 | 7.0 | β | 8.8 |
| ADF insoluble nitrogen2, as % CP | 0.3 | 0.2 | β | 0.3 | --- | --- | β | --- | --- | --- | β | --- | 0.7 | 0.5 | β | 1.1 | 1.0 | 0.7 | β | 1.5 | 0.5 | 0.3 | β | 0.7 |
| FIBER | -------------------- 100% dry matter basis -------------------- | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Acid Detergent Fiber, % ADF | 6.2 | 5.6 | β | 7.4 | 6.7 | 5.5 | β | 7.7 | 17.0 | 14.8 | β | 19.7 | 3.4 | 3.0 | β | 4.0 | 3.1 | 2.7 | β | 3.6 | 10.4 | 8.8 | β | 11.8 |
| Neutral Det. Fiber, % NDF | 22.3 | 18.9 | β | 27.0 | 12.6 | 12.6 | β | 13.4 | --- | --- | β | --- | 9.9 | 9.3 | β | 10.6 | 9.1 | 8.1 | β | 10.2 | 19.4 | 13.9 | β | 24.9 |
| Lignin, % | 1.8 | 1.2 | β | 2.3 | --- | --- | β | --- | --- | --- | β | --- | 0.9 | 0.6 | β | 1.0 | 1.2 | 0.7 | β | 1.7 | 1.8 | 1.3 | β | 2.3 |
| Crude Fiber, % CF | 4.9 | 4.3 | β | 5.5 | 14.2 | 12.9 | β | 15.6 | 13.0 | 11.7 | β | 14.6 | 2.5 | 2.2 | β | 2.8 | 2.5 | 2.3 | β | 2.8 | --- | --- | β | --- |
| FAT, CARBOHYDRATES | -------------------- 100% dry matter basis -------------------- | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Crude Fat, % | 1.7 | 1.4 | β | 1.9 | 19.6 | 14.4 | β | 23.9 | 2.8 | 2.6 | β | 3.0 | 3.5 | 3.3 | β | 3.7 | 3.7 | 3.4 | β | 4.0 | 3.6 | 3.0 | β | 4.2 |
| Total starch, % | 56.7 | 52.2 | β | 61.3 | --- | --- | β | --- | --- | --- | β | --- | --- | --- | β | --- | 71.3 | 68.3 | β | 74.3 | 60.7 | 54.0 | β | 67.4 |
| Total sugars as invert, % | 10.7 | 10.6 | β | 10.7 | --- | --- | β | --- | --- | --- | β | --- | --- | --- | β | --- | 2.5 | 2.1 | β | 2.7 | --- | --- | β | --- |
| MINERALS | -------------------- 100% dry matter basis -------------------- | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Calcium, Ca % | 0.06 | 0.05 | β | 0.07 | 0.11 | 0.06 | β | 0.17 | 0.11 | 0.10 | β | 0.12 | 0.01 | 0.01 | β | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | β | 0.02 | 0.03 | 0.02 | β | 0.05 |
| Phosphorus, P % | 0.36 | 0.33 | β | 0.39 | 0.32 | 0.29 | β | 0.39 | 0.36 | 0.33 | β | 0.39 | 0.28 | 0.26 | β | 0.30 | 0.29 | 0.27 | β | 0.31 | 0.26 | 0.25 | β | 0.28 |
| Magnesium, % Mg | 0.15 | 0.13 | β | 0.16 | 0.15 | 0.15 | β | 0.17 | --- | --- | β | --- | 0.11 | 0.10 | β | 0.12 | 0.12 | 0.11 | β | 0.13 | 0.11 | 0.10 | β | 0.13 |
| Potassium, % K | 0.52 | 0.43 | β | 0.60 | 0.50 | 0.46 | β | 0.62 | 0.50 | 0.46 | β | 0.58 | 0.35 | 0.33 | β | 0.37 | 0.34 | 0.31 | β | 0.38 | 0.48 | 0.40 | β | 0.58 |
| Sodium, % Na | 0.01 | 0.01 | β | 0.02 | --- | --- | β | --- | --- | --- | β | --- | 0.00 | 0.00 | β | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | β | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.01 | β | 0.02 |
| Sulfur, % S | 0.13 | 0.12 | β | 0.14 | 0.15 | 0.15 | β | 0.21 | 0.16 | 0.14 | β | 0.18 | 0.10 | 0.09 | β | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.09 | β | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.09 | β | 0.11 |
| Chloride, % Cl | 0.17 | 0.12 | β | 0.22 | --- | --- | β | --- | --- | --- | β | --- | 0.07 | 0.06 | β | 0.07 | 0.06 | 0.06 | β | 0.06 | 0.09 | 0.06 | β | 0.12 |
| METALS | -------------------- 100% dry matter basis -------------------- | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Copper, ppm Cu | 5 | 5 | β | 6 | 7 | 5 | β | 9 | --- | --- | β | --- | 2 | 2 | β | 3 | 2 | 1 | β | 3 | 4 | 3 | β | 6 |
| Iron, ppm Fe | 62 | 56 | β | 100 | --- | --- | β | --- | --- | --- | β | --- | 21 | 18 | β | 25 | 31 | 25 | β | 44 | 92 | 60 | β | 123 |
| Manganese, ppm Mn | 17 | 14 | β | 21 | --- | --- | β | --- | --- | --- | β | --- | 6 | 5 | β | 7 | 6 | 6 | β | 7 | 10 | 8 | β | 13 |
| Zinc, ppm Zn | 29 | 24 | β | 35 | --- | --- | β | --- | 10 | 9 | β | 12 | 19 | 17 | β | 20 | 19 | 18 | β | 21 | 25 | 17 | β | 33 |
| TRACE METALS | -------------------- 100% dry matter basis -------------------- | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cobalt, ppm Co | --- | --- | β | --- | --- | --- | β | --- | --- | --- | β | --- | --- | --- | β | --- | --- | --- | β | --- | --- | --- | β | --- |
| Molybdenum, ppm Mo | --- | --- | β | --- | --- | --- | β | --- | --- | --- | β | --- | 0.45 | 0.25 | β | 0.57 | 0.30 | 0.22 | β | 0.39 | 0.42 | --- | β | --- |
| Selenium, ppm Se | 1.00 | --- | β | --- | --- | --- | β | --- | --- | --- | β | --- | 1.10 | 0.75 | β | 1.45 | --- | --- | β | --- | --- | --- | β | --- |
| Chromium, ppm Cr | --- | --- | β | --- | --- | --- | β | --- | --- | --- | β | --- | 0.40 | 0.32 | β | 0.41 | --- | --- | β | --- | --- | --- | β | --- |
| Cadmium, ppm Cd | --- | --- | β | --- | --- | --- | β | --- | --- | --- | β | --- | --- | --- | β | --- | --- | --- | β | --- | --- | --- | β | --- |
| ENERGY CALCULATIONS4 | -------------------- 100% dry matter basis -------------------- | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Relative Feed Value, RFV | --- | --- | β | --- | --- | --- | β | --- | --- | --- | β | --- | --- | --- | β | --- | --- | --- | β | --- | --- | --- | β | --- |
| Total Digestible Nutrients, % TDN | 78.2 | 77.8 | β | 82.1 | 72.8 | 72.0 | β | 73.6 | 73.6 | 72.7 | β | 74.4 | 85.0 | 84.4 | β | 85.5 | 85.7 | 85.6 | β | 86.6 | 80.3 | 79.0 | β | 82.1 |
| Net Energy, Maintenance, Mcal/lb | 0.87 | 0.86 | β | 0.88 | 0.78 | 0.77 | β | 0.79 | 0.77 | 0.76 | β | 0.78 | 0.95 | 0.94 | β | 0.96 | 0.96 | 0.96 | β | 0.97 | 0.89 | 0.87 | β | 0.91 |
| Net Energy, Gain, Mcal/lb | 0.58 | 0.57 | β | 0.59 | 0.50 | 0.49 | β | 0.51 | 0.49 | 0.48 | β | 0.50 | 0.65 | 0.64 | β | 0.66 | 0.66 | 0.65 | β | 0.66 | 0.59 | 0.58 | β | 0.61 |
| Net Energy, Lactation, Mcal/lb | 0.82 | 0.82 | β | 0.86 | 0.76 | 0.75 | β | 0.77 | 0.75 | 0.74 | β | 0.76 | 0.89 | 0.89 | β | 0.90 | 0.90 | 0.90 | β | 0.90 | 0.85 | 0.83 | β | 0.86 |
| Metabolizable Energy, Mcal/lb | 1.28 | 1.28 | β | 1.35 | 1.20 | 1.18 | β | 1.21 | 1.21 | 1.19 | β | 1.22 | 1.40 | 1.39 | β | 1.40 | 1.41 | 1.41 | β | 1.42 | 1.32 | 1.30 | β | 1.35 |
| Digestible Energy, Mcal/lb | 1.66 | 1.64 | β | 1.68 | 1.48 | 1.46 | β | 1.52 | 1.47 | 1.46 | β | 1.49 | 1.70 | 1.69 | β | 1.71 | 1.71 | 1.71 | β | 1.72 | 1.61 | 1.59 | β | 1.64 |
| 1"M/XΜ" = median or mean (XΜ, average). "Typical range" = 25th and 75th percentiles or +/- standard deviation 3 "Milo" is used as a synonym for "grain sorghum". 4Energy values are calculated from fiber analysis and may not reflect energy that could be supplied from the lipid fraction. |
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ΒΆ Table 1b. Feedstuffs CompositionβWhole Grains: Cereals |
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| ANALYTICAL RESULT | Corn; white kernal | Corn; high lysine | Corn; high oil | Hominy | Millet grain | |||||||||||||||
| M/XΜ | Typical Range | M/XΜ | Typical Range | M/XΜ | Typical Range | M/XΜ | Typical Range | M/XΜ | Typical Range | |||||||||||
| PROPERTIES | -------------------- 100% dry matter basis -------------------- | |||||||||||||||||||
| Dry Matter, % | 85.9 | 85.2 | β | 86.3 | 92.0 | 90.5 | β | 93.4 | 88.0 | 86.6 | β | 89.4 | 87.4 | 86.6 | β | 88.3 | 90.1 | 87.7 | β | 92.1 |
| Moisture, % | 14.1 | 13.8 | β | 14.8 | 8.0 | 6.6 | β | 9.5 | 12.0 | 10.7 | β | 13.4 | 12.6 | 11.7 | β | 13.5 | 10.0 | 8.0 | β | 12.4 |
| Ash, % | 1.4 | 1.2 | β | 1.6 | 2.0 | 1.8 | β | 2.3 | 2.0 | 1.8 | β | 2.3 | 2.4 | 2.2 | β | 2.7 | 3.5 | 3.1 | β | 3.8 |
| PROTEIN | -------------------- 100% dry matter basis -------------------- | |||||||||||||||||||
| Crude Protein, % CP | 8.6 | 8.2 | β | 8.9 | 12.0 | 11.0 | β | 13.0 | 8.0 | 7.3 | β | 8.6 | 10.7 | 10.0 | β | 11.2 | 12.1 | 10.7 | β | 12.8 |
| ADF insoluble nitrogen2, as % CP | --- | --- | β | --- | --- | --- | β | --- | --- | --- | β | --- | 0.5 | 0.4 | β | 0.7 | 3.0 | 2.1 | β | 3.8 |
| FIBER | -------------------- 100% dry matter basis -------------------- | |||||||||||||||||||
| Acid Detergent Fiber, % ADF | 3.5 | 3.0 | β | 4.9 | 4.0 | 3.5 | β | 4.7 | 3.0 | 2.6 | β | 3.5 | 5.5 | 4.9 | β | 6.1 | 13.9 | 8.8 | β | 19.0 |
| Neutral Det. Fiber, % NDF | --- | --- | β | --- | 11.0 | 9.6 | β | 12.3 | 8.0 | 7.0 | β | 9.0 | 20.5 | 17.5 | β | 23.5 | 21.6 | 15.3 | β | 27.9 |
| Lignin, % | --- | --- | β | --- | --- | --- | β | --- | --- | --- | β | --- | 1.5 | 0.9 | β | 2.0 | 3.2 | 2.1 | β | 4.4 |
| Crude Fiber, % CF | 2.4 | 2.2 | β | 2.7 | 4.0 | 3.6 | β | 4.5 | 2.0 | 1.8 | β | 2.2 | 3.6 | 3.2 | β | 4.3 | 6.7 | 5.7 | β | 8.2 |
| FAT, CARBOHYDRATES | -------------------- 100% dry matter basis -------------------- | |||||||||||||||||||
| Crude Fat, % | 3.3 | 3.3 | β | 3.4 | 4.4 | 4.1 | β | 4.8 | 6.9 | 6.4 | β | 7.5 | 7.5 | 7.0 | β | 8.1 | 3.8 | 3.5 | β | 4.0 |
| Total starch, % | --- | --- | β | --- | --- | --- | β | --- | --- | --- | β | --- | 55.4 | 52.1 | β | 57.6 | 49.2 | 39.3 | β | 59.2 |
| Total sugars as invert, % | --- | --- | β | --- | --- | --- | β | --- | --- | --- | β | --- | 1.1 | 0.5 | β | 1.7 | --- | --- | β | --- |
| MINERALS | -------------------- 100% dry matter basis -------------------- | |||||||||||||||||||
| Calcium, Ca % | 0.02 | 0.02 | β | 0.02 | 0.03 | 0.03 | β | 0.03 | 0.01 | 0.01 | β | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.01 | β | 0.03 | 0.68 | 0.29 | β | 1.07 |
| Phosphorus, P % | 0.27 | 0.26 | β | 0.28 | 0.24 | 0.22 | β | 0.26 | 0.30 | 0.28 | β | 0.33 | 0.54 | 0.50 | β | 0.59 | 0.30 | 0.23 | β | 0.37 |
| Magnesium, % Mg | 0.12 | 0.12 | β | 0.13 | --- | --- | β | --- | --- | --- | β | --- | 0.21 | 0.18 | β | 0.23 | 0.15 | 0.11 | β | 0.19 |
| Potassium, % K | 0.37 | 0.37 | β | 0.39 | 0.40 | 0.37 | β | 0.46 | 0.30 | 0.27 | β | 0.35 | 0.61 | 0.57 | β | 0.67 | 0.38 | 0.20 | β | 0.56 |
| Sodium, % Na | --- | --- | β | --- | --- | --- | β | --- | --- | --- | β | --- | 0.01 | 0.00 | β | 0.01 | 0.03 | 0.02 | β | 0.05 |
| Sulfur, % S | 0.10 | 0.09 | β | 0.10 | 0.11 | 0.10 | β | 0.12 | 0.13 | 0.12 | β | 0.14 | 0.12 | 0.11 | β | 0.12 | 0.35 | 0.24 | β | 0.47 |
| Chloride, % Cl | --- | --- | β | --- | --- | --- | β | --- | --- | --- | β | --- | 0.07 | 0.07 | β | 0.08 | 0.09 | 0.05 | β | 0.13 |
| METALS | -------------------- 100% dry matter basis -------------------- | |||||||||||||||||||
| Copper, ppm Cu | 2 | 1 | β | 2 | --- | --- | β | --- | --- | --- | β | --- | 4 | 3 | β | 4 | 10 | 7 | β | 13 |
| Iron, ppm Fe | 21 | 20 | β | 25 | --- | --- | β | --- | --- | --- | β | --- | 54 | 48 | β | 78 | 116 | 76 | β | 157 |
| Manganese, ppm Mn | 6 | 5 | β | 7 | --- | --- | β | --- | --- | --- | β | --- | 11 | 9 | β | 14 | 20 | 16 | β | 25 |
| Zinc, ppm Zn | 17 | 14 | β | 20 | 18 | 15 | β | 21 | 18 | 15 | β | 21 | 37 | 33 | β | 42 | 39 | 26 | β | 53 |
| TRACE METALS | -------------------- 100% dry matter basis -------------------- | |||||||||||||||||||
| Cobalt, ppm Co | --- | --- | β | --- | --- | --- | β | --- | --- | --- | β | --- | --- | --- | β | --- | --- | --- | β | --- |
| Molybdenum, ppm Mo | --- | --- | β | --- | --- | --- | β | --- | --- | --- | β | --- | --- | --- | β | --- | --- | --- | β | --- |
| Selenium, ppm Se | --- | --- | β | --- | --- | --- | β | --- | --- | --- | β | --- | --- | --- | β | --- | 0.55 | --- | β | --- |
| Chromium, ppm Cr | --- | --- | β | --- | --- | --- | β | --- | --- | --- | β | --- | --- | --- | β | --- | --- | --- | β | --- |
| Cadmium, ppm Cd | --- | --- | β | --- | --- | --- | β | --- | --- | --- | β | --- | --- | --- | β | --- | --- | --- | β | --- |
| ENERGY CALCULATIONS4 | -------------------- 100% dry matter basis -------------------- | |||||||||||||||||||
| Relative Feed Value, RFV | --- | --- | β | --- | --- | --- | β | --- | --- | --- | β | --- | --- | --- | β | --- | --- | --- | β | --- |
| Total Digestible Nutrients, % TDN | 83.0 | 81.6 | β | 84.4 | 87.5 | 86.5 | β | 88.5 | 88.6 | 87.5 | β | 89.6 | 83.9 | 83.9 | β | 84.8 | 81.2 | 79.4 | β | 82.1 |
| Net Energy, Maintenance, Mcal/lb | 0.92 | 0.91 | β | 0.94 | 0.97 | 0.95 | β | 0.98 | 0.99 | 0.97 | β | 1.00 | 0.94 | 0.94 | β | 0.95 | 0.90 | 0.87 | β | 0.91 |
| Net Energy, Gain, Mcal/lb | 0.63 | 0.61 | β | 0.65 | 0.65 | 0.64 | β | 0.67 | 0.66 | 0.65 | β | 0.68 | 0.63 | 0.63 | β | 0.65 | 0.60 | 0.58 | β | 0.61 |
| Net Energy, Lactation, Mcal/lb | 0.87 | 0.86 | β | 0.89 | 0.91 | 0.90 | β | 0.92 | 0.92 | 0.91 | β | 0.93 | 0.88 | 0.88 | β | 0.89 | 0.85 | 0.83 | β | 0.86 |
| Metabolizable Energy, Mcal/lb | 1.36 | 1.34 | β | 1.39 | 1.44 | 1.41 | β | 1.45 | 1.45 | 1.43 | β | 1.47 | 1.38 | 1.38 | β | 1.39 | 1.33 | 1.30 | β | 1.35 |
| Digestible Energy, Mcal/lb | 1.66 | 1.64 | β | 1.69 | 1.75 | 1.73 | β | 1.77 | 1.77 | 1.75 | β | 1.79 | 1.68 | 1.68 | β | 1.70 | 1.63 | 1.59 | β | 1.65 |
| 1"M/XΜ" = median or mean (XΜ, average). "Typical range" = 25th and 75th percentiles or +/- standard deviation 3 "Milo" is used as a synonym for "grain sorghum". 4Energy values are calculated from fiber analysis and may not reflect energy that could be supplied from the lipid fraction. |
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ΒΆ Table 1c. Feedstuffs CompositionβWhole Grains: Cereals |
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| ANALYTICAL RESULT | Milo; grain3 | Milo; high moisture3 | Popcorn grain | Oats grain | Rice grain | |||||||||||||||
| M/XΜ | Typical Range | M/XΜ | Typical Range | M/XΜ | Typical Range | M/XΜ | Typical Range | M/XΜ | Typical Range | |||||||||||
| PROPERTIES | -------------------- 100% dry matter basis -------------------- | |||||||||||||||||||
| Dry Matter, % | 86.5 | 85.5 | β | 87.7 | 70.4 | 66.1 | β | 75.2 | 85.8 | 84.4 | β | 88.1 | 88.7 | 87.5 | β | 90.4 | 89.3 | 86.0 | β | 94.3 |
| Moisture, % | 13.5 | 12.3 | β | 14.5 | 29.6 | 24.8 | β | 33.9 | 14.2 | 12.0 | β | 15.6 | 11.4 | 9.6 | β | 12.5 | 10.7 | 5.7 | β | 14.0 |
| Ash, % | 1.6 | 1.5 | β | 1.8 | 2.7 | 2.0 | β | 3.4 | --- | --- | β | --- | 3.5 | 3.0 | β | 3.9 | 3.2 | 1.7 | β | 4.7 |
| PROTEIN | -------------------- 100% dry matter basis -------------------- | |||||||||||||||||||
| Crude Protein, % CP | 10.9 | 10.0 | β | 11.9 | 10.4 | 9.1 | β | 11.8 | 11.6 | 11.3 | β | 12.4 | 12.8 | 11.6 | β | 13.9 | 8.3 | 7.6 | β | 9.5 |
| ADF insoluble nitrogen2, as % CP | 2.1 | 1.7 | β | 2.7 | --- | --- | β | --- | --- | --- | β | --- | --- | --- | β | --- | 0.4 | 0.2 | β | 0.6 |
| FIBER | -------------------- 100% dry matter basis -------------------- | |||||||||||||||||||
| Acid Detergent Fiber, % ADF | 5.9 | 5.3 | β | 6.6 | 5.8 | 4.8 | β | 7.4 | 5.0 | 4.3 | β | 6.0 | 16.8 | 14.6 | β | 19.1 | 3.4 | 2.6 | β | 4.5 |
| Neutral Det. Fiber, % NDF | 9.7 | 8.9 | β | 10.5 | 10.6 | 9.3 | β | 13.9 | --- | --- | β | --- | 36.8 | 30.7 | β | 38.1 | 8.2 | 4.4 | β | 12.0 |
| Lignin, % | 1.2 | 0.7 | β | 1.6 | --- | --- | β | --- | --- | --- | β | --- | 4.0 | ---- | β | ---- | 1.9 | 1.0 | β | 2.8 |
| Crude Fiber, % CF | 3.1 | 2.7 | β | 3.5 | 3.2 | 2.5 | β | 3.3 | 2.8 | 2.6 | β | 3.0 | 13.3 | 12.0 | β | 14.5 | --- | --- | β | --- |
| FAT, CARBOHYDRATES | -------------------- 100% dry matter basis -------------------- | |||||||||||||||||||
| Crude Fat, % | 2.3 | 2.2 | β | 2.8 | 3.3 | 3.2 | β | 3.6 | 3.4 | 3.3 | β | 3.5 | 4.8 | 4.4 | β | 5.3 | 1.8 | 1.4 | β | 2.3 |
| Total starch, % | 71.4 | 69.8 | β | 73.1 | 72.9 | 69.6 | β | 76.2 | 69.9 | 68.2 | β | 71.1 | --- | --- | β | --- | 77.2 | 67.2 | β | 87.1 |
| Total sugars as invert, % | --- | --- | β | --- | --- | --- | β | --- | --- | --- | β | --- | --- | --- | β | --- | --- | --- | β | --- |
| MINERALS | -------------------- 100% dry matter basis -------------------- | |||||||||||||||||||
| Calcium, Ca % | 0.02 | 0.02 | β | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.03 | β | 0.05 | 0.04 | 0.03 | β | 0.05 | 0.09 | 0.07 | β | 0.10 | 0.02 | 0.01 | β | 0.05 |
| Phosphorus, P % | 0.30 | 0.28 | β | 0.32 | 0.31 | 0.28 | β | 0.34 | 0.27 | 0.23 | β | 0.31 | 0.36 | 0.33 | β | 0.39 | 0.23 | 0.21 | β | 0.31 |
| Magnesium, % Mg | 0.14 | 0.13 | β | 0.16 | 0.15 | 0.14 | β | 0.17 | 0.13 | 0.10 | β | 0.16 | 0.16 | 0.14 | β | 0.17 | 0.08 | 0.07 | β | 0.08 |
| Potassium, % K | 0.38 | 0.36 | β | 0.40 | 0.40 | 0.34 | β | 0.46 | 0.25 | 0.18 | β | 0.32 | 0.46 | 0.42 | β | 0.55 | 0.19 | 0.18 | β | 0.28 |
| Sodium, % Na | 0.00 | 0.00 | β | 0.00 | 0.06 | 0.03 | β | 0.10 | --- | --- | β | --- | 0.01 | 0.01 | β | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.01 | β | 0.02 |
| Sulfur, % S | 0.10 | 0.09 | β | 0.11 | 0.09 | 0.08 | β | 0.10 | 0.11 | 0.10 | β | 0.12 | 0.15 | 0.15 | β | 0.17 | 0.10 | 0.08 | β | 0.12 |
| Chloride, % Cl | 0.32 | 0.16 | β | 0.64 | 0.08 | 0.06 | β | 0.10 | 1.27 | 0.48 | β | 2.06 | 0.15 | 0.11 | β | 0.19 | 0.08 | 0.06 | β | 0.10 |
| METALS | -------------------- 100% dry matter basis -------------------- | |||||||||||||||||||
| Copper, ppm Cu | 3 | 2 | β | 3 | 8 | 5 | β | 12 | --- | --- | β | --- | 4 | 3 | β | 5 | 6 | 4 | β | 7 |
| Iron, ppm Fe | 43 | 37 | β | 49 | --- | --- | β | --- | --- | --- | β | --- | 95 | 73 | β | 104 | 144 | 63 | β | 225 |
| Manganese, ppm Mn | 18 | 17 | β | 20 | 29 | 19 | β | 39 | --- | --- | β | --- | 48 | 46 | β | 58 | 66 | 43 | β | 90 |
| Zinc, ppm Zn | 19 | 17 | β | 22 | 38 | 22 | β | 55 | --- | --- | β | --- | 29 | 26 | β | 31 | 24 | 16 | β | 31 |
| TRACE METALS | -------------------- 100% dry matter basis -------------------- | |||||||||||||||||||
| Cobalt, ppm Co | --- | --- | β | --- | --- | --- | β | --- | --- | --- | β | --- | --- | --- | β | --- | --- | --- | β | --- |
| Molybdenum, ppm Mo | 0.65 | --- | β | --- | 0.44 | --- | β | --- | --- | --- | β | --- | --- | --- | β | --- | --- | --- | β | --- |
| Selenium, ppm Se | --- | --- | β | --- | --- | --- | β | --- | --- | --- | β | --- | 0.42 | --- | β | --- | --- | --- | β | --- |
| Chromium, ppm Cr | --- | --- | β | --- | --- | --- | β | --- | --- | --- | β | --- | --- | --- | β | --- | --- | --- | β | --- |
| Cadmium, ppm Cd | --- | --- | β | --- | --- | --- | β | --- | --- | --- | β | --- | --- | --- | β | --- | --- | --- | β | --- |
| ENERGY CALCULATIONS4 | -------------------- 100% dry matter basis -------------------- | |||||||||||||||||||
| Relative Feed Value, RFV | --- | --- | β | --- | --- | --- | β | --- | --- | --- | β | --- | --- | --- | β | --- | --- | --- | β | --- |
| Total Digestible Nutrients, % TDN | 83.9 | 83.9 | β | 84.8 | 83.9 | 80.1 | β | 84.8 | 84.8 | 83.9 | β | 84.8 | 73.7 | 72.7 | β | 75.8 | 85.7 | 84.8 | β | 86.2 |
| Net Energy, Maintenance, Mcal/lb | 0.94 | 0.94 | β | 0.95 | 0.94 | 0.89 | β | 0.95 | 0.95 | 0.94 | β | 0.95 | 0.80 | 0.78 | β | 0.82 | 0.96 | 0.95 | β | 0.97 |
| Net Energy, Gain, Mcal/lb | 0.63 | 0.63 | β | 0.65 | 0.63 | 0.59 | β | 0.65 | 0.65 | 0.63 | β | 0.65 | 0.51 | 0.50 | β | 0.54 | 0.66 | 0.65 | β | 0.67 |
| Net Energy, Lactation, Mcal/lb | 0.88 | 0.88 | β | 0.89 | 0.88 | 0.84 | β | 0.89 | 0.89 | 0.88 | β | 0.89 | 0.77 | 0.76 | β | 0.79 | 0.90 | 0.89 | β | 0.91 |
| Metabolizable Energy, Mcal/lb | 1.38 | 1.38 | β | 1.39 | 1.38 | 1.32 | β | 1.39 | 1.39 | 1.38 | β | 1.39 | 1.21 | 1.19 | β | 1.24 | 1.41 | 1.39 | β | 1.42 |
| Digestible Energy, Mcal/lb | 1.68 | 1.68 | β | 1.70 | 1.68 | 1.66 | β | 1.70 | 1.70 | 1.68 | β | 1.70 | 1.52 | 1.48 | β | 1.55 | 1.72 | 1.70 | β | 1.73 |
| 1"M/XΜ" = median or mean (XΜ, average). "Typical range" = 25th and 75th percentiles or +/- standard deviation 3 "Milo" is used as a synonym for "grain sorghum". 4Energy values are calculated from fiber analysis and may not reflect energy that could be supplied from the lipid fraction. |
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ΒΆ Table 1d. Feedstuffs CompositionβWhole Grains: Cereals |
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| ANALYTICAL RESULT | Rye; grain | Spelt grain | Triticale grain | Wheat (hard red) grain | Wheat (soft) grain | |||||||||||||||
| M/XΜ | Typical Range | M/XΜ | Typical Range | M/XΜ | Typical Range | M/XΜ | Typical Range | M/XΜ | Typical Range | |||||||||||
| PROPERTIES | -------------------- 100% dry matter basis -------------------- | |||||||||||||||||||
| Dry Matter, % | 88.1 | 86.4 | β | 89.2 | 88.0 | 86.6 | β | 89.4 | 89.2 | 88.0 | β | 90.7 | 88.6 | 87.2 | β | 89.8 | 89.0 | 87.6 | β | 90.4 |
| Moisture, % | 11.9 | 10.9 | β | 13.7 | 12.0 | 10.7 | β | 13.4 | 10.8 | 9.3 | β | 12.1 | 11.4 | 10.2 | β | 12.8 | 11.0 | 9.6 | β | 12.4 |
| Ash, % | 3.0 | 2.7 | β | 3.4 | 4.0 | 3.6 | β | 4.5 | 2.0 | 1.8 | β | 2.3 | 1.9 | 1.8 | β | 2.1 | 2.0 | 1.8 | β | 2.3 |
| PROTEIN | -------------------- 100% dry matter basis -------------------- | |||||||||||||||||||
| Crude Protein, % CP | 13.2 | 12.1 | β | 14.9 | 13.0 | 11.9 | β | 14.1 | 15.8 | 13.9 | β | 16.9 | 14.9 | 13.0 | β | 16.5 | 12.0 | 11.0 | β | 13.0 |
| ADF insoluble nitrogen2, as % CP | 0.2 | 0.1 | β | 0.3 | --- | --- | β | --- | --- | --- | β | --- | 0.4 | 0.2 | β | 0.6 | --- | --- | β | --- |
| FIBER | -------------------- 100% dry matter basis -------------------- | |||||||||||||||||||
| Acid Detergent Fiber, % ADF | 4.1 | 3.8 | β | 4.7 | 17.0 | 14.8 | β | 19.7 | 5.0 | 4.4 | β | 5.8 | 3.8 | 3.4 | β | 4.2 | 6.0 | 5.2 | β | 7.0 |
| Neutral Det. Fiber, % NDF | 17.4 | 15.8 | β | 18.9 | 21.0 | 18.4 | β | 23.5 | 22.0 | 19.3 | β | 24.7 | 12.5 | 11.9 | β | 13.6 | 12.0 | 10.5 | β | 13.5 |
| Lignin, % | 1.6 | 0.9 | β | 2.3 | --- | --- | β | --- | --- | --- | β | --- | 1.5 | 1.0 | β | 2.1 | 0.6 | ---- | β | ---- |
| Crude Fiber, % CF | 3.7 | 3.5 | β | 8.2 | 10.0 | 9.0 | β | 11.2 | 3.4 | 3.2 | β | 3.5 | 3.1 | 2.8 | β | 3.5 | 3.0 | 2.7 | β | 3.4 |
| FAT, CARBOHYDRATES | -------------------- 100% dry matter basis -------------------- | |||||||||||||||||||
| Crude Fat, % | 1.3 | 0.8 | β | 1.8 | 2.1 | 2.0 | β | 2.3 | 1.4 | 1.4 | β | 1.4 | 1.5 | 1.4 | β | 1.6 | 2.0 | 1.9 | β | 2.2 |
| Total starch, % | 58.3 | 52.9 | β | 63.6 | --- | --- | β | --- | 61.0 | 56.7 | β | 65.4 | 64.4 | 59.3 | β | 69.5 | --- | --- | β | --- |
| Total sugars as invert, % | --- | --- | β | --- | --- | --- | β | --- | --- | --- | β | --- | 8.6 | 8.2 | β | 8.9 | --- | --- | β | --- |
| MINERALS | -------------------- 100% dry matter basis -------------------- | |||||||||||||||||||
| Calcium, Ca % | 0.06 | 0.05 | β | 0.06 | 0.04 | 0.04 | β | 0.04 | 0.08 | 0.04 | β | 0.11 | 0.05 | 0.04 | β | 0.06 | 0.05 | 0.05 | β | 0.05 |
| Phosphorus, P % | 0.43 | 0.38 | β | 0.44 | 0.40 | 0.37 | β | 0.43 | 0.39 | 0.36 | β | 0.42 | 0.38 | 0.35 | β | 0.42 | 0.41 | 0.38 | β | 0.44 |
| Magnesium, % Mg | 0.15 | 0.11 | β | 0.16 | --- | --- | β | --- | 0.16 | 0.15 | β | 0.18 | 0.16 | 0.14 | β | 0.17 | --- | --- | β | --- |
| Potassium, % K | 0.57 | 0.53 | β | 0.59 | 0.40 | 0.37 | β | 0.46 | 0.55 | 0.52 | β | 0.73 | 0.44 | 0.40 | β | 0.48 | 0.40 | 0.37 | β | 0.46 |
| Sodium, % Na | 0.03 | 0.01 | β | 0.05 | --- | --- | β | --- | 0.01 | 0.00 | β | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.00 | β | 0.01 | --- | --- | β | --- |
| Sulfur, % S | 0.13 | 0.09 | β | 0.17 | 0.15 | 0.14 | β | 0.17 | 0.15 | 0.14 | β | 0.17 | 0.15 | 0.14 | β | 0.17 | 0.16 | 0.14 | β | 0.18 |
| Chloride, % Cl | 0.13 | 0.08 | β | 0.18 | --- | --- | β | --- | --- | --- | β | --- | 0.23 | 0.20 | β | 0.26 | --- | --- | β | --- |
| METALS | -------------------- 100% dry matter basis -------------------- | |||||||||||||||||||
| Copper, ppm Cu | 7 | 5 | β | 9 | --- | --- | β | --- | 8 | 8 | β | 8 | 5 | 5 | β | 6 | --- | --- | β | --- |
| Iron, ppm Fe | 78 | 64 | β | 93 | --- | --- | β | --- | 64 | 54 | β | 73 | 48 | 40 | β | 56 | --- | --- | β | --- |
| Manganese, ppm Mn | 42 | 27 | β | 56 | --- | --- | β | --- | 46 | 41 | β | 49 | 42 | 39 | β | 46 | --- | --- | β | --- |
| Zinc, ppm Zn | 37 | 34 | β | 40 | 47 | 40 | β | 56 | 36 | 25 | β | 46 | 33 | 28 | β | 39 | 40 | 34 | β | 47 |
| TRACE METALS | -------------------- 100% dry matter basis -------------------- | |||||||||||||||||||
| Cobalt, ppm Co | --- | --- | β | --- | --- | --- | β | --- | --- | --- | β | --- | --- | --- | β | --- | --- | --- | β | --- |
| Molybdenum, ppm Mo | --- | --- | β | --- | --- | --- | β | --- | --- | --- | β | --- | 0.65 | 0.48 | β | 0.82 | --- | --- | β | --- |
| Selenium, ppm Se | --- | --- | β | --- | --- | --- | β | --- | --- | --- | β | --- | --- | --- | β | --- | --- | --- | β | --- |
| Chromium, ppm Cr | --- | --- | β | --- | --- | --- | β | --- | --- | --- | β | --- | --- | --- | β | --- | --- | --- | β | --- |
| Cadmium, ppm Cd | --- | --- | β | --- | --- | --- | β | --- | --- | --- | β | --- | --- | --- | β | --- | --- | --- | β | --- |
| ENERGY CALCULATIONS4 | -------------------- 100% dry matter basis -------------------- | |||||||||||||||||||
| Relative Feed Value, RFV | --- | --- | β | --- | --- | --- | β | --- | --- | --- | β | --- | --- | --- | β | --- | --- | --- | β | --- |
| Total Digestible Nutrients, % TDN | 83.9 | 79.4 | β | 85.0 | 73.6 | 72.7 | β | 74.4 | 83.0 | 79.3 | β | 84.4 | 83.0 | 78.9 | β | 85.7 | 88.0 | 86.9 | β | 89.0 |
| Net Energy, Maintenance, Mcal/lb | 0.94 | 0.88 | β | 0.95 | 0.77 | 0.76 | β | 0.78 | 0.92 | 0.88 | β | 0.95 | 0.92 | 0.87 | β | 0.96 | 0.98 | 0.96 | β | 0.99 |
| Net Energy, Gain, Mcal/lb | 0.63 | 0.58 | β | 0.65 | 0.49 | 0.48 | β | 0.50 | 0.62 | 0.58 | β | 0.64 | 0.62 | 0.58 | β | 0.66 | 0.65 | 0.64 | β | 0.67 |
| Net Energy, Lactation, Mcal/lb | 0.88 | 0.84 | β | 0.89 | 0.75 | 0.74 | β | 0.76 | 0.87 | 0.84 | β | 0.89 | 0.86 | 0.86 | β | 0.87 | 0.91 | 0.90 | β | 0.92 |
| Metabolizable Energy, Mcal/lb | 1.38 | 1.31 | β | 1.40 | 1.21 | 1.19 | β | 1.22 | 1.36 | 1.31 | β | 1.39 | 1.36 | 1.30 | β | 1.41 | --- | --- | β | --- |
| Digestible Energy, Mcal/lb | 1.70 | 1.68 | β | 1.72 | 1.47 | 1.46 | β | 1.49 | 1.68 | 1.61 | β | 1.70 | 1.72 | 1.70 | β | 1.72 | --- | --- | β | --- |
| 1"M/XΜ" = median or mean (XΜ, average). "Typical range" = 25th and 75th percentiles or +/- standard deviation 3 "Milo" is used as a synonym for "grain sorghum". 4Energy values are calculated from fiber analysis and may not reflect energy that could be supplied from the lipid fraction. |
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