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| Projected Calcium (Ca) Removal, "wet" or "as is" basis |
Projected Magnesium (Mg) Removal, "wet" or "as is" Basis |
Number of Samples in Survey |
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| Amount of Ca per Yield Unit | Survey Range | Amount of Mg per Yield Unit | Survey Range | |||||||||||
¶ Grains, Oilseeds, fiber, Sugar Crops |
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| Barley, grain | ► | oz / bu (48 lb) | 2,3 | 0.33 | – | 0.48 | 0.80 | oz / bu (48 lb) | 3 | ------ | ||||
| Beans, navy (cull) | 1.08 | oz / cwt (100 lb) | 2 | ------ | ||||||||||
| Buckwheat, grain | 0.81 | oz / bu (52 lb) | 2 | ------ | ||||||||||
| Corn, grain (dry shelled) | 0.16 | oz / bu (56 lb) | 1 | 0.08 | – | 0.22 | 0.82 | oz / bu (56 lb) | 1 | 0.77 | – | 0.88 | 2,621 | |
| 0.29 | oz / cwt (100 lb) | 0.14 | – | 0.40 | 1.46 | 1.37 | – | 1.57 | ------ | |||||
| Corn, grain (high moisture) | 0.13 | oz / bu (56 lb) | 1 | 0.06 | – | 0.19 | 0.69 | oz / bu (56 lb) | 1 | 0.62 | – | 0.75 | 2,491 | |
| 0.23 | oz / cwt (100 lb) | 0.11 | – | 0.34 | 1.23 | 1.11 | – | 1.34 | ------ | |||||
| Cotton (seed, lint, trash) (≈1300 lb seed cotton yields 480 lb lint) |
32 | oz / 1300 lb bale | 4 | 56 | oz / 1300 lb bale | 4 | ------ | |||||||
| Cotton seeds, whole | 2.33 | oz / cwt (100 lb) | 2 | ------ | ------ | |||||||||
| Cotton seeds, delinted | 1.73 | oz / cwt (100 lb) | 2 | ------ | ------ | |||||||||
| Millet grain | 0.21 | oz / bu (50 lb) | 2 | ------ | ------ | |||||||||
| Oats, grain | 0.37 | oz / bu (32 lb) | 1 | 0.30 | – | 0.45 | 0.69 | oz / bu (32 lb) | 1 | 0.64 | – | 0.77 | 91 | |
| Peanuts, whole | 2.40 | oz / cwt | 4 | 2.08 | oz / cwt | 4 | ------ | |||||||
| Rice, grain | 0.45 | oz / bu (45 lb) | 2 | ------ | ------ | |||||||||
| Rye, grain | ► | oz / bu (56 lb) | 2,3 | 0.56 | – | 1.12 | ------ | ------ | ||||||
| Sorghum, grain (milo) | 0.16 | oz / bu (56 lb) | 1 | 0.16 | – | 0.24 | 1.04 | oz / bu (56 lb) | 1 | 0.98 | – | 1.12 | 818 | |
| 0.29 | oz / cwt (100 lb) | 0.29 | – | 0.43 | 1.86 | 1.74 | – | 2.00 | ------ | |||||
| Sorghum, grain (high moisture) | 0.19 | oz / bu (56 lb) | 1 | 0.19 | – | 0.30 | ------ | 95 | ||||||
| 0.34 | oz / cwt (100 lb) | 0.34 | – | 0.54 | ------ | ------ | ||||||||
| Soybeans, whole | ► | oz / bu (60 lb) | 2,4 | 2.28 | – | 6.08 | ------ | ------ | ||||||
| Spelt, grain | 0.23 | oz / bu (40 lb) | 2 | ------ | ------ | |||||||||
| Triticale, grain | 0.60 | oz / bu (60 lb) | 2 | ------ | ------ | |||||||||
| Wheat, grain | 0.43 | oz / bu (60 lb) | 1 | 0.34 | – | 0.43 | 1.28 | oz / bu (60 lb) | 1 | 1.17 | – | 1.36 | 355 | |
| Magnesium content also may be expressed in terms of fertilizer equivalent as "magnesium oxide", where Mg x 1.66 = MgO. | ||||||||||||||
| To estimate the equivalent hay or silage yield based on grain yield or to estimate stocking rates (as animal units) based on equivalent hay yield, see Crop File 1.02.022, "Yield Goal Equivalents: Silage, Hay, and Pasture." | ||||||||||||||
| Projected Calcium (Ca) Removal, "wet" or "as is" Basis |
Projected Magnesium (Mg) Removal, "wet" or "as is" Basis |
Number of Samples in Survey |
||||||||||||
| Amount of Ca per Yield Unit | Survey range | Amount of Mg per Yield Unit | Survey Range | |||||||||||
¶ Hays, Legume |
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| Alfalfa hay | 24.4 | lb / ton | 1 | 21.3 | – | 27,9 | 4.9 | lb / ton | 1 | 4.2 | – | 5.8 | 8,360 | |
| Clover hay, ladino clover | 24.3 | lb / ton | 2 | ------ | ------ | |||||||||
| Clover hay, red clover | ► | lb / ton | 2,3 | 26.4 | – | 27.6 | ------ | ------ | ||||||
| Clover hay, sweetclover | 23.1 | lb / ton | 2 | ------ | ------ | |||||||||
| Cowpea hay | 27.5 | lb / ton | 3 | 7.5 | lb / ton | 3 | ------ | |||||||
| Lespedeza hay | 20.2 | lb / ton | 2 | ------ | ------ | |||||||||
| Pea vine hay | 22.3 | lb / ton | 2 | ------ | ------ | |||||||||
| Peanut hay | 23.9 | lb / ton | 1 | 19.3 | – | 26.9 | ------ | 56 | ||||||
| Soybean hay | 22.5 | lb / ton | 1 | 19.3 | – | 25.9 | ------ | 58 | ||||||
| Trefoil hay, birdsfoot trefoil | 30.8 | lb / ton | 2 | ------ | ------ | |||||||||
| Vetch hay | 22.3 | lb / ton | 2 | ------ | ------ | |||||||||
¶ Hays, Grass |
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| Bahiagrass | 8.5 | lb / ton | 2 | ------ | ------ | |||||||||
| Bermudagrass hay | 8.3 | lb / ton | 1 | 6.8 | – | 9.9 | 3.8 | lb / ton | 1 | 3.1 | – | 4.4 | 329 | |
| Bluegrass hay | 8.0 | lb / ton | 3 | 3.5 | lb / ton | 3 | ------ | |||||||
| Bromegrass hay | 7.6 | lb / ton | 1 | 6.4 | 9.2 | 2.4 | lb / ton | 1 | 2.1 | – | 2.8 | 240 | ||
| CRP hay (Conservation Reserve Program) | 9.7 | lb / ton | 1 | 7.9 | 13.1 | 2.7 | lb / ton | 1 | 2.3 | – | 3.4 | 356 | ||
| Elephant (Napier) grass hay | 6.4 | lb / ton | 2 | ------ | ------ | |||||||||
| Fescue hay | ► | lb / ton | 2,2 | 7.9 | 8.4 | ------ | ------ | |||||||
| Meadow hay | 8.6 | lb / ton | 1 | 6.6 | 11.1 | 3.2 | lb / ton | 1 | 2.7 | – | 3.9 | 215 | ||
| Mixed grass hay | 9.2 | lb / ton | 1 | 6.3 | 10.7 | 3.2 | lb / ton | 1 | 2.3 | – | 3.9 | 2,956 | ||
| Native grass hay | 7.3 | lb / ton | 1 | 6.1 | 8.9 | 1.9 | lb / ton | 1 | 1.4 | – | 2.4 | 226 | ||
| Orchardgrass hay | 5.6 | lb / ton | 2 | ------ | ------ | |||||||||
| Prairie hay | 8.7 | lb / ton | 1 | 7.3 | 10.5 | 2.8 | lb / ton | 1 | 2.3 | – | 3.4 | 295 | ||
| Reed canarygrass hay | 6.9 | lb / ton | 2 | ------ | ------ | |||||||||
| Ryegrass hay | 8.1 | lb / ton | 2 | ------ | ------ | |||||||||
| Timothy hay | ► | lb / ton | 2,2 | 7.6 | 10.2 | ------ | ------ | |||||||
| Wheatgrass hay | 6.1 | lb / ton | 2 | ------ | ------ | |||||||||
| Magnesium content also may be expressed in terms of fertilizer equivalent as "magnesium oxide", where Mg x 1.66 = MgO. | ||||||||||||||
| To estimate the equivalent hay or silage yield based on grain yield or to estimate stocking rates (as animal units) based on equivalent hay yield, see Crop File 1.02.022, "Yield Goal Equivalents: Silage, Hay, and Pasture." | ||||||||||||||
| Projected Calcium (Ca) Removal, "wet" or "as is" Basis |
Projected Magnesium (Mg) Removal, "wet" or "as is" Basis |
Number of Samples in Survey |
||||||||||||
| Amount of Ca per Yield Unit | Survey Range | Amount of Mg per Yield Unit | Survey Range | |||||||||||
¶ Hays, Small Grain |
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| Barley hay | 6.8 | lb / ton | 1 | 5.2 | – | 9.0 | 3.5 | lb / ton | 1 | 2.8 | – | 4.0 | 757 | |
| Millet hay | 6.8 | lb / ton | 1 | 5.4 | – | 9.0 | 5.4 | lb / ton | 1 | 4.5 | – | 6.7 | 400 | |
| Oat hay | 5.6 | lb / ton | 1 | 4.6 | – | 7.4 | 3.0 | lb / ton | 1 | 2.5 | – | 3.7 | 920 | |
| Rye hay | 6.1 | lb / ton | 1 | 4.9 | – | 8.0 | ------ | 70 | ||||||
| Triticale hay | 5.4 | lb / ton | 1 | 4.1 | – | 7.1 | 2.5 | lb / ton | 1 | 2.0 | – | 2.9 | 204 | |
| Wheat hay | 4.8 | lb / ton | 1 | 3.5 | – | 6.4 | 2.8 | lb / ton | 2.3 | – | 3.4 | 683 | ||
¶ Hay, Annual Sorghums |
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| Cane hay | 6.6 | lb / ton | 1 | 5.6 | – | 8.3 | 3.5 | lb / ton | 1 | 2.9 | – | 4.2 | 102 | |
| Feed hay | 6.7 | lb / ton | 1 | 5.9 | – | 7.9 | ------ | ------ | ||||||
| Forage sorghum hay | 7.1 | lb / ton | 1 | 6.0 | – | 8.5 | ------ | ------ | ||||||
| Haygrazer hay | 6.5 | lb / ton | 1 | 5.3 | – | 8.4 | 4.0 | lb / ton | 1 | 3.0 | – | 5.3 | 141 | |
| Milo (grain sorghum) hay | 6.7 | lb / ton | 1 | 5.8 | – | 7.9 | ------ | 128 | ||||||
| Sorghum hay | 6.8 | lb / ton | 1 | 5.8 | – | 8.1 | 4.5 | lb / ton | 1 | 3.5 | 5.5 | 294 | ||
| Sorghum-sudan hay | 7.0 | lb / ton | 1 | 5.5 | – | 8.7 | 4.5 | lb / ton | 1 | 3.5 | 6.2 | 157 | ||
| Sudangrass hay | 7.2 | lb / ton | 1 | 6.2 | – | 8.9 | 4.4 | lb / ton | 1 | 3.7 | 5.2 | 370 | ||
¶ Hays, Miscellaneous |
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| Corn hay | 7.4 | lb / ton | 1 | 6.3 | – | 9.3 | 3.5 | lb / ton | 2.9 | – | 4.2 | 108 | ||
| Kochia hay | 18.0 | lb / ton | 2 | ------ | ------ | |||||||||
| Kudzu hay | 54.0 | lb / ton | 2 | ------ | ------ | |||||||||
| Weed hay | 20.6 | lb / ton | 1 | 17.3 | – | 28.0 | ------ | 58 | ||||||
| To estimate the equivalent hay or silage yield based on grain yield or to estimate stocking rates (as animal units) based on equivalent hay yield, see Crop File 1.02.022, "Yield Goal Equivalents: Silage, Hay, and Pasture." | ||||||||||||||
| Projected Calcium (Ca) removal, "wet" or "as is" Basis |
Projected Magnesium (Mg) Removal, "wet" or "as is" Basis |
Number of Samples in Survey |
||||||||||||
| Amount of Ca per Yield Unit | Survey Range | Amount of Mg per Yield Unit | Survey Range | |||||||||||
¶ Silages, Annual Crop |
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| Barley silage | 2.6 | lb / ton | 1 | 2.1 | – | 3.3 | 1.19 | lb / ton | 1 | 1.00 | – | 1.40 | 387 | |
| Cane silage | 1.9 | lb / ton | 1 | 1.5 | – | 2.2 | 1.31 | 1 | 1.10 | – | 1.60 | 231 | ||
| Corn silage | 1.7 | lb / ton | 1 | 1.3 | – | 2.2 | 1.18 | lb / ton | 1 | 1.00 | – | 1.40 | 9,916 | |
| Hop vine silage | 19.8 | lb / ton | 2 | ------ | ------ | |||||||||
| Milo silage (grain sorghum) | 2.3 | lb / ton | 1 | 1.6 | – | 3.0 | 1.24 | 1 | 1.10 | 1.40 | 103 | |||
| Oat silage | 2.1 | lb / ton | 1 | 1.9 | – | 2.6 | 1.15 | lb / ton | 1 | 1.00 | 1.30 | 115 | ||
| Oatlage | 2.4 | lb / ton | 1 | 1.8 | – | 3.1 | 1.15 | 1 | 0.98 | 1.40 | 145 | |||
| Pea vine silage | 6.3 | lb / ton | 2 | ------ | ------ | |||||||||
| Potato vine silage | 6.3 | lb / ton | 2 | ------ | ------ | |||||||||
| Rye silage | 2.5 | lb / ton | 1 | 1.9 | – | 3.2 | 1.06 | 1 | 0.80 | – | 1.20 | 214 | ||
| Small grain silage | 2.7 | lb / ton | 1 | 2.2 | – | 3.4 | 1.26 | lb / ton | 1 | 1.20 | – | 1.40 | 597 | |
| Sorghum silage | 2.3 | lb / ton | 1 | 1.8 | – | 3.0 | 1.53 | lb / ton | 1 | 1.30 | – | 1.90 | 1,758 | |
| Sudangrass silage | 2.8 | lb / ton | 1 | 2.3 | – | 3.4 | ------ | 1 | 71 | |||||
| Sugarbeet top silage | 6.9 | lb / ton | 2 | ------ | ------ | |||||||||
| Triticale silage | 2.5 | lb / ton | 1 | 2.0 | – | 3.1 | 1.02 | 1 | 0.90 | – | 1.20 | 346 | ||
| Wheatlage | 2.6 | lb / ton | 1 | 2.1 | – | 3.0 | 0.99 | 1 | 0.90 | – | 1.10 | 881 | ||
| Wheat silage | 2.7 | lb / ton | 1 | 2.1 | – | 3.5 | 1.23 | 1 | 1.00 | – | 1.44 | 414 | ||
¶ Silages, Perennial Crop |
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| Alfalfa haylage | 12.5 | lb / ton | 1 | 11.2 | – | 14.2 | 2.62 | lb / ton | 1 | 2.29 | – | 3.03 | 766 | |
| Alfalfa silage | 11.3 | lb / ton | 1 | 9.5 | – | 12.5 | 2.16 | lb / ton | 1 | 1.84 | – | 2.45 | 168 | |
| Bermudagrass silage | 2.4 | lb / ton | 2 | ------ | ------ | |||||||||
| Bromegrass silage | 2.7 | lb / ton | 2 | ------ | ------ | |||||||||
| Mixed grass silage | 4.2 | lb / ton | 2 | ------ | ------ | |||||||||
| Ryegrass silage | 2.8 | lb / ton | 2 | ------ | ------ | |||||||||
| Timothy silage | 3.4 | lb / ton | 2 | ------ | ------ | |||||||||
| To estimate the equivalent hay or silage yield based on grain yield or to estimate stocking rates (as animal units) based on equivalent hay yield, see Crop File 1.02.022, "Yield Goal Equivalents: Silage, Hay, and Pasture." | ||||||||||||||
| Projected Calcium (Ca) removal, "wet" or "as is" Basis |
Projected Magnesium (Mg) removal, "wet" or "as is" basis |
Number of Samples in Survey |
||||||||||||
| Amount of Ca per Yield Unit | Survey Range | Amount of Mg per Yield Unit | Survey Sange | |||||||||||
¶ Crop Residues |
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| Barley straw | ► | lb / ton | 2,3 | 2.0 | lb / ton | 2 | ------ | |||||||
| (72 lb straw/bu) | ► | lb / bu harvested | 5 | 0.07 | lb / bu harvested | ------ | ||||||||
| Bluegrass straw | 3.7 | lb / ton | 2 | ------ | ------ | |||||||||
| Corn cobs | 2.2 | lb / ton | 2 | ------ | ------ | |||||||||
| Corn stalks | 6.3 | lb / ton | 1 | 3.1 | lb / ton | 1 | 2.20 | – | 3.90 | 679 | ||||
| Corn stover | 6.3 | lb / ton | 1 | 3.2 | lb / ton | 3 | 2.40 | – | 3.90 | 128 | ||||
| (70 lb stover/bu) | 0.22 | lb / bu harvested | 5 | 0.11 | lb / bu harvested | 1 | 0.08 | – | 0.34 | ------ | ||||
| Cotton burs, stalks, & leaves | 37.3 | lb / ton | 4 | 10.7 | lb / ton | ------ | ||||||||
| Cotton gin trash (burs) | 25.5 | lb / ton | 2 | ------ | ------ | |||||||||
| Grain sorghum stalks | 4.8 | lb / ton | 1 | ------ | 100 | |||||||||
| Oat straw | ► | lb / ton | 4,2 | ------ | 2,2 | 4.00 | – | 6.00 | ------ | |||||
| (44 lb straw/bu) | ► | lb / bu harvested | 5 | ------ | 5 | 0.09 | – | 0.13 | ------ | |||||
| Pea vine straw | 13.4 | lb / ton | 2 | ------ | ------ | |||||||||
| Rice straw | 4.2 | lb / ton | 2 | ------ | ------ | |||||||||
| (100 lb straw/cwt) | 0.21 | / cwt harvested | 5 | ------ | ------ | |||||||||
| Rye straw | ► | lb / ton | 2,3 | 1.3 | lb / ton | 3 | ------ | |||||||
| (87 lb straw/bu) | ► | lb / bu harvested | 5 | 0.06 | lb / bu harvested | ------ | ||||||||
| Sorghum stover | ► | lb / ton | 2,3 | 6.0 | lb / ton | ------ | ||||||||
| (56 lb stover/bu) | ► | lb / bu harvested | 5 | 0.17 | lb / bu harvested | ------ | ||||||||
| Soybean straw | 28.0 | lb / ton | 2 | ------ | ------ | |||||||||
| (96 lb stover/bu) | 1.34 | lb / bu harvested | 5 | ------ | ------ | |||||||||
| Wheat straw | 4.5 | lb / ton | 1 | 2.0 | lb / ton | 1 | 1.6 | – | 2.50 | 186 | ||||
| (92 lb straw/bu) | 0.21 | lb / bu harvested | 5 | 0.09 | lb / bu harvested | 6 | 0.07 | – | 0.12 | |||||
| To estimate the equivalent hay or silage yield based on grain yield or to estimate stocking rates (as animal units) based on equivalent hay yield, see Crop File 1.02.022, "Yield Goal Equivalents: Silage, Hay, and Pasture." | ||||||||||||||
| Projected Calcium (Ca) removal, "wet" or "as is" Basis |
Projected Magnesium (Mg) Removal, "wet" or "as is" Basis |
Number of Samples in Survey |
||||||||||||
| Amount of Ca per Yield unit | Survey Sange | Amount of Mg per Yield Unit | Survey range | |||||||||||
¶ Fresh forages for Grazing - Annuals |
||||||||||||||
| Corn plants | 1.9 | lb / ton | 1 | 1.7 | – | 2.2 | 1.35 | lb / ton | 1 | 1.0 | – | 1.8 | ------ | |
| Millet plants | 2.4 | lb / ton | 1 | 2.0 | – | 3.4 | ------ | ------ | ||||||
| Sorghum plants | 2.0 | lb / ton | 1 | 1.7 | – | 2.5 | 1.12 | lb / ton | 1 | 0.9 | – | 1.6 | 112 | |
| Sudangrass plants | 1.7 | lb / ton | 6 | ------ | ------ | |||||||||
| Wheat plants | 1.8 | lb / ton | 1 | 1.5 | – | 2.3 | 1.03 | lb / ton | 1 | 0.9 | – | 1.6 | 93 | |
| SMALL GRAINS: About two-thirds of total forage production in a "graze-out" program occurs after mid-March. Each ton of forage should produce about 40 to 45 lb of cattle gain under normal conditions. | ||||||||||||||
| SORGHUM/SUDAN PASTURES: Each ton of forage should provide one cow or two calves with about two weeks of grazing. | ||||||||||||||
¶ Fresh Forages, Pasture - Grasses |
||||||||||||||
| Bluegrass, Kentucky | 2.7 | lb / ton | 6 | ------ | 6 | ------ | ||||||||
| Bluestem | 4.9 | lb / ton | ------ | ------ | ||||||||||
| Bromegrass | 2.7 | lb / ton | 6 | ------ | 6 | ------ | ||||||||
| Fescue, KY31 | 2.8 | lb / ton | 6 | ------ | 6 | ------ | ||||||||
| Mixed grass, fresh | 7.6 | lb / ton | 1 | 5.6 | – | 8.6 | 1.7 | lb / ton | 1.1 | – | 2.1 | 2,951 | ||
| Native grass, fresh | 3.5 | lb / ton | 1 | 3.0 | – | 4.5 | 1.0 | lb / ton | 0.8 | – | 1.4 | 149 | ||
| Orchardgrass | 1.6 | lb / ton | 6 | ------ | lb / ton | 6 | ------ | |||||||
| Timothy | 2.1 | lb / ton | 6 | ------ | lb / ton | 6 | ------ | |||||||
| Wheatgrass | ► | lb / ton | 6 | 1.4 | – | 3.9 | ------ | lb / ton | 6 | ------ | ||||
| PASTURE/GRAZING: In an improved grazing system, the equivalent of one ton of hay yield should provide: 30 days grazing for a cow-calf pair or 40 days grazing for a weaned calf or 25 to 30 days grazing for a yearling calf. | ||||||||||||||
¶ Fresh Forages, Pasture - Legumes |
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| Alfalfa, fresh | 10.0 | lb / ton | 1 | 8.9 | – | 11.1 | 2.1 | lb / ton | 6 | 1.7 | – | 2.5 | 63 | |
| Clover (ladino), fresh | 4.8 | lb / ton | 6 | ------ | 6 | ------ | ||||||||
| Clover (red), fresh | 8.2 | lb / ton | ------ | ------ | ||||||||||
| Lespedeza, fresh | 6.0 | lb / ton | ------ | ------ | ||||||||||
| Trefoil (birdsfoot) fresh | 7.8 | lb / ton | ------ | ------ | ||||||||||
The value provided as "pounds per yield unit" is either the median value from the Servi-Tech survey or the most common central value obtained from the references. The "survey range" represents either the 25th and 75th percentile from the Servi-Tech data or represents the low and high values from the referenced sources.
ServiTech Laboratories. 2014. In-house data survey of feed analysis results, 2006-2013. Results reported as "Median" or 50th percentile. "Typical range" includes the middle 50% of all samples, so 25% of samples are above range and 25% below. Statistical calculations based on listed number of samples of particular feedsuff that was included in data survey.
BEEF. 2014 Feed Composition Table. BEEF magazine, Minneapolis MN (http://beefmagazine.com/datasheet/2014-feed-composition-table, 25 June 2014)
Osmond, D.L. and J. Kang. 2008. Nutrient Removal by Crops in North Carolina. Soil Facts #AG-439-16W. North Carolina State Univ., Coop. Ext. Serv., Raleigh NC.
Mitchell, C.C. 2011. Nutrient Removal by Alabama Crops. Pub. ANR-0449. Alabama Coop. Ext. Serv., Auburn Univ., Auburn, AL. http://www.aces.edu/pubs/docs/A/ANR-0449/ANR-0449.pdf accessed 12Apr2017.
USDA, NRCS. 2007. The PLANTS Database . National Plant Data Center, Baton Rouge, LA (http://plants.usda.gov, 25 June 2014)
Bryson, G.M, et. al. 2014. Plant Analysis Handbook III. Micro-Macro Publishing, Inc., Athens, Georgia. pg. 267-275, 337-340, 446-451.